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“They ought to be illustrations not authorities, studies not models.”
Great predecessors can teach principles without becoming templates to copy, preserving the learner’s responsibility to develop independent judgment and expression.
Source note: The Principles of Success in Literature, chapter on Style, Project Gutenberg #10420; Lewes is warning writers against imitating Cicero, Titian or other masters.
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“My own mind is my own church.”
The compact statement places personal conscience and reason above compulsory religious institutions in Paine’s deistic argument.
Source note: The Age of Reason, Part I, Chapter I; Paine’s religious position is historical deism and should not be flattened into a generic anti-institution slogan.
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“Insist on yourself; never imitate.”
Originality begins with developing one’s own capacities rather than copying another person’s surface style.
Source note: Self-Reliance; Emerson gives the imperative while arguing for originality, self-trust, and resistance to imitation rather than dependence on another person’s model.
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“I was a changed being after that fight.”
Douglass identifies resistance to Covey as a decisive psychological turning point in which a previously crushed sense of agency and personhood begins to return.
Source note: My Bondage and My Freedom, account of the fight with Edward Covey; Douglass explicitly presents the episode as a turning point in his life under slavery.
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“It is imitation, and as such it is lifeless.”
Surface imitation may reproduce another writer’s recognizable manner without reproducing the thought or experience that originally gave that manner vitality.
Source note: The Principles of Success in Literature, chapter on Style, Project Gutenberg #10420; Lewes criticizes attempts to copy the verbal mannerisms of famous writers.
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“Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.”
Emerson argues that mature character requires enough independence to resist conformity when conviction points elsewhere.
Source note: Self-Reliance, in the section urging trust in one’s own judgment.