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“A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.”
Keats opens the poem by claiming that beauty can continue to give delight beyond the instant in which it is first encountered.
Source note: Endymion, Book I, opening line; Project Gutenberg #24280. This is a poetic proposition within a Romantic work, not an empirical rule that every aesthetic experience remains pleasurable forever.
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“Think not of them, thou hast thy music too”
Instead of measuring autumn only against spring, the poem redirects attention to the distinct music of the season that is actually present.
Source note: “To Autumn,” final stanza, in Keats: Poems Published in 1820; Project Gutenberg #23684. The line follows the question “Where are the songs of Spring?” and answers by valuing autumn’s own sounds.
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“O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being.”
Shelley turns the wind into a living seasonal force, opening a poem where destruction, preservation, sound, and renewal are woven together.
Source note: Ode to the West Wind, opening line; Shelley addresses the autumn wind directly.
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“Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter.”
The ode privileges imagined music over audible performance, presenting imagination as capable of sustaining an ideal beauty that physical sound cannot preserve indefinitely.
Source note: “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” in Keats: Poems Published in 1820; Project Gutenberg #23684. The line addresses figures represented on the urn and belongs to the poem’s meditation on art, imagination and permanence.
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“The day is done, and the darkness falls from the wings of Night.”
Longfellow gives evening a gentle physical movement, making darkness feel less like absence and more like something settling over the world.
Source note: The Day Is Done, opening stanza; Longfellow introduces the evening mood before asking for soothing poetry.
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“Now is the time of plaintive robin-song, When flowers are in their tombs.”
Seasonal decline is compressed into robin-song and buried flowers, giving late autumn an explicitly elegiac atmosphere before the poem turns to the surviving chrysanthemum.
Source note: “The Last Chrysanthemum,” Poems of the Past and the Present (1901), Project Gutenberg #3168. Floral death is poetic seasonal imagery, not literal human bereavement.