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“Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath.”
Good judgment starts by hearing more quickly than speaking or reacting, especially when anger is close to the surface.
Source note: James 1:19 in the King James Version, pairing readiness to listen with restraint in speech and anger.
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“When angry, count ten, before you speak; if very angry, an hundred.”
Jefferson’s practical rule inserts a deliberate delay between anger and speech, giving judgment time to return before emotion becomes an irreversible response.
Source note: Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Jefferson Smith, February 21, 1825, Founders Online / National Archives. The sentence is item 10 in a short list of “canons of conduct” sent to his namesake relative; the archive currently labels the transcription an Early Access document rather than a final authoritative edition.
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“He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him.”
Answering before listening mistakes speed for competence; understanding requires enough restraint to hear the matter before judging it.
Source note: Proverbs 18:13 in the King James Version.
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“A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.”
Anger spreads beyond the person feeling it: an uncontrolled response can create conflict, while restraint can reduce conflict for everyone involved.
Source note: Proverbs 15:18 in the King James Version.
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“He that hath knowledge spareth his words: and a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit.”
Restraint in speech is presented as evidence of understanding rather than lack of confidence.
Source note: Proverbs 17:27 in the King James Version.
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“Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools.”
The warning treats speed itself as part of the danger of anger: delay creates room for judgment before emotion hardens into conduct.
Source note: Ecclesiastes 7:9 in the King James Version.