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“Society in equality is its normal state.”
Mill contrasts relations organized around command and obedience with equal association, presenting equality as the normal direction of an improving society.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, discussion of marriage and moral cultivation; the sentence follows Mill’s contrast between older command-and-obedience relations and society among equals.
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“My country is the world, and my religion is to do good.”
Paine places moral allegiance beyond national or sectarian identity, presenting humanity at large and practical good-doing as more fundamental than loyalty to a particular place or religious label.
Source note: Rights of Man, Part II, Project Gutenberg public-domain collection #3742. The line appears in Paine’s statement of independence from place or person while criticizing hereditary political privilege. The exact text is “my country is the world, and my religion is to do good,” not the later expanded attribution “all mankind are my brethren.”
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“The a priori presumption is in favour of freedom and impartiality.”
Mill places the burden of proof on restrictions and unequal privilege rather than treating inherited inequality as self-justifying.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, Chapter I; the line appears in Mill’s argument about where the burden of proof should fall when liberty or equal treatment is restricted.
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“What women by nature cannot do, it is quite superfluous to forbid them from doing.”
The argument exposes a contradiction in claims about natural incapacity: if an activity were truly impossible by nature, legal prohibition would be unnecessary.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, Chapter I; Mill argues against using custom and prohibition as evidence of women’s supposed natural limitations.
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“Whatever is my right as a man is also the right of another; and it becomes my duty to guarantee as well as to possess.”
Paine makes rights reciprocal: claiming a right for oneself entails recognizing and defending the same right in others.
Source note: Rights of Man, Part I; represented through Moncure Daniel Conway’s public-domain Project Gutenberg collection.
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“Faith, therefore, allows the greatest latitude in philosophic speculation, allowing us without blame to think what we like about anything.”
Spinoza separates faithful conduct from enforced uniformity of speculation: people can differ widely in philosophical belief while still being judged by whether their teaching leads toward justice and charity rather than hatred.
Source note: A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part III, Chapter XIV, Project Gutenberg #991. The sentence is followed by Spinoza’s distinction between opinions that foster obstinacy, hatred and strife and those that support justice and charity.