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“Faith, therefore, allows the greatest latitude in philosophic speculation, allowing us without blame to think what we like about anything.”
Spinoza separates faithful conduct from enforced uniformity of speculation: people can differ widely in philosophical belief while still being judged by whether their teaching leads toward justice and charity rather than hatred.
Source note: A Theologico-Political Treatise, Part III, Chapter XIV, Project Gutenberg #991. The sentence is followed by Spinoza’s distinction between opinions that foster obstinacy, hatred and strife and those that support justice and charity.
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“Society in equality is its normal state.”
Mill contrasts relations organized around command and obedience with equal association, presenting equality as the normal direction of an improving society.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, discussion of marriage and moral cultivation; the sentence follows Mill’s contrast between older command-and-obedience relations and society among equals.
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“Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies.”
Nietzsche warns that fixed certainty can block revision more effectively than an obvious falsehood because conviction can make contrary evidence harder to examine.
Source note: Human, All-Too-Human, Part I, aphorism 483, “The Enemies of Truth”; Helen Zimmern translation, 1909 edition.
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“The a priori presumption is in favour of freedom and impartiality.”
Mill places the burden of proof on restrictions and unequal privilege rather than treating inherited inequality as self-justifying.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, Chapter I; the line appears in Mill’s argument about where the burden of proof should fall when liberty or equal treatment is restricted.
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“What women by nature cannot do, it is quite superfluous to forbid them from doing.”
The argument exposes a contradiction in claims about natural incapacity: if an activity were truly impossible by nature, legal prohibition would be unnecessary.
Source note: The Subjection of Women, Chapter I; Mill argues against using custom and prohibition as evidence of women’s supposed natural limitations.
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“Such is the irresistible nature of truth, that all it asks,—and all it wants,—is the liberty of appearing.”
Paine links truth with open expression, arguing that its central requirement is the opportunity to be heard rather than protection from scrutiny.
Source note: Rights of Man; represented in the public-domain Conway edition and kept in the work’s polemical political context.