Source identified1
“Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?”
The rhetorical question mocks disproportionate retaliation by comparing an elaborate punishment with the crushing of something slight and fragile.
Source note: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot, Sporus passage; the famous image occurs inside a sharp personal satire, so the hostile literary context is retained.
Source identified2
“I wish'd the man a dinner, and sat still.”
The satirical speaker portrays restraint as refusing to escalate a literary attack, answering hostility with a comic wish that the critic’s need might be relieved.
Source note: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot; Pope recalls Gildon’s attack and presents his own non-response in a deliberately witty, self-defending passage.
Source identified3
“A lash like mine no honest man shall dread,”
Pope’s satirical persona claims that his criticism is aimed at vice or folly rather than honest conduct, presenting moral discrimination as the defense of satire.
Source note: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot; the line introduces the Sporus passage and is part of Pope’s self-justifying argument about the proper targets of satire.
Source identified4
“To help me thro' this long disease, my Life,”
Pope describes poetry as something that helps him endure life, linking literary work with friendship, illness, and the long experience of living.
Source note: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot; Pope is explaining why he wrote, addressing his physician and friend John Arbuthnot in a satirical verse epistle.
Source identified5
“Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer,”
The line describes a subtle form of hostility in which apparent approval is calibrated to diminish rather than support its target.
Source note: Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot; part of Pope’s satirical portrait of Addison/“Atticus,” so it is polemical literary characterization rather than neutral biography.