What does this quote mean?

“The better part of valour is discretion.”

Courage is balanced with judgment here: avoiding a needless danger can sometimes be wiser than performing bravery for appearance.

Source note: Act 5, Scene 4; Falstaff reframes survival as a form of judgment.

“Nothing noble can be performed without danger.”

Avoiding every danger can also prevent worthy action; prudence needs to distinguish reckless exposure from risks that meaningful conduct sometimes requires.

Source note: Essays of Montaigne, Book I, Charles Cotton translation, in a discussion of distrust, security, and princely conduct.

“Happy is the man who learns from the misfortunes of others.”

Other people’s failures can become instruction when we pay attention to consequences before repeating the same mistake ourselves.

Source note: Moral printed after “The Lion, the Fox, and the Ass”; the fox changes his conduct after observing the ass’s fate.

“The thinker has to decide, to choose; and there is always a risk.”

Choosing among plausible interpretations necessarily involves uncertainty, so sound thinking requires a cautious selection that remains open to confirmation or correction by later events.

Source note: How We Think, Chapter VIII. The sentence concerns choosing the idea or principle relevant to a perplexing situation; the next clause says the prudent thinker selects warily, subject to later confirmation or frustration.

“I may be wrong.”

The admission places a limit on Washington’s own policy claims and models intellectual uncertainty rather than presenting judgment as infallible.

Source note: The Future of the American Negro, Chapter VIII; Project Gutenberg #26507. The sentence appears in Washington’s closing policy discussion immediately after his summary of dangers and immediately before his qualification that he may also be in some degree right.

“All that glisters is not gold.”

Appearance can imitate value without possessing it, so the line encourages evidence and discernment before admiration or trust.

Source note: Act 2, Scene 7; the inscription warns against judging by outward appearance.