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“The universe is wider than our views of it.”
Reality exceeds any one viewpoint, so confidence in a perspective should leave room for what has not yet been seen.
Source note: Walden, Conclusion; Thoreau uses the sentence while arguing that familiar human views do not exhaust reality.
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“He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that.”
Understanding a position requires serious contact with competing arguments; familiarity with only one side can produce confidence without real comprehension.
Source note: On Liberty, Chapter 2; Mill argues for open discussion because opposing views expose weaknesses and sharpen understanding.
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“We hear only the questions to which we are capable of finding an answer.”
The aphorism suggests that inquiry is limited by the conceptual capacities of the person asking, making intellectual growth partly a matter of becoming able to formulate and recognize better questions.
Source note: The Joyful Wisdom, aphorism 196; Thomas Common translation.
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“It is a narrow mind which cannot look at a subject from various points of view.”
Voice: Narrator voice · Narrator
Intellectual flexibility requires seeing how the same issue can appear from more than one position before settling on a judgment.
Source note: Middlemarch; the narrator contrasts narrow judgment with considering a subject from several points of view.
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“Opinion appears to you to be darker than knowledge, but lighter than ignorance?”
Voice: Dialogue speaker · Socrates
Opinion is treated as an intermediate state: it is not complete ignorance, but it also lacks the clarity and stability of knowledge.
Source note: The Republic, Book V; Socrates places opinion between knowledge and ignorance in the argument about what each apprehends.
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“If the doors of perception were cleansed every thing would appear to man as it is, Infinite.”
Blake imagines habitual perception as a filter that narrows reality; cleansing it would reveal a less limited world.
Source note: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, Plate 14; Blake’s prose-poetic argument about the limits and cleansing of perception.