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“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
Voice: Dialogue speaker · Socrates
Socrates links a worthwhile human life with reflection on beliefs, conduct, and reasons rather than unexamined routine.
Source note: Apology 38a; wording varies by translation.
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“In a world where all is fleeting, change alone endures.”
Stability is temporary, so practical judgment requires expecting change rather than treating present arrangements as permanent.
Source note: Counsels and Maxims, T. Bailey Saunders translation, in a discussion of fortune and apparent stability.
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“Aiming thus at something else, they find happiness by the way.”
Mill’s mature view is that happiness is often an indirect result of sustained attention to worthwhile people, work, art, or purposes beyond constant self-measurement.
Source note: Autobiography, Chapter V; this sentence concludes Mill’s reflection that happiness is better approached indirectly than made the sole object of scrutiny.
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“My trade and art is to live.”
Montaigne makes lived experience itself the central field of inquiry, treating ordinary life as material for reflection rather than a distraction from philosophy.
Source note: Essays of Montaigne, Book II, Charles Cotton translation; the sentence introduces his claim to speak from his own experience.
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“Ask yourself whether you are happy, and you cease to be so.”
The aphoristic warning concerns excessive self-monitoring: repeatedly testing an experience for happiness can interrupt the very absorption that makes enjoyment possible.
Source note: Autobiography, Chapter V; Mill states this within his post-crisis philosophy of pursuing ends beyond happiness itself.
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“There is no cure for birth and death save to enjoy the interval.”
Mortality cannot be eliminated, so the practical answer is to make conscious use of the finite span between beginning and end.
Source note: Soliloquies in England, “War Shrines”; the sentence follows a contrast between strained worldliness and a more festive acceptance of life.