“The second vice is lying, the first is running in debt.”
- Source
- The Way to Wealth
- Date
- 1758
- Attribution
- Source identified
- Voice / speaker
- Authorial persona / framed maxim · Poor Richard maxim, repeated through Father Abraham
What does this quote mean?
Franklin links avoidable debt with later pressure to make excuses or break promises, presenting financial obligation as a potential test of honesty.
Where does it come from?
The Way to Wealth, debt-and-credit section; Project Gutenberg #43855. This is eighteenth-century moral rhetoric and should not be read as a judgment that indebted people are inherently dishonest.
Who voices the line?
Authorial persona / framed maxim · Poor Richard maxim, repeated through Father Abraham. The Way to Wealth is framed as Father Abraham’s address compiling maxims Franklin had published through the Poor Richard / Richard Saunders persona. This record therefore preserves the framed authorial-persona layer instead of treating the maxim as unmediated Franklin narration.
The source author and the local speaker can be different, especially in fiction, drama, dialogue and poetry.
How should this attribution be read?
This wording is connected with the named source shown above. Translations and editions can vary, so consult the source note when exact wording matters.