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“The second vice is lying, the first is running in debt.”
Voice: Authorial persona / framed maxim · Poor Richard maxim, repeated through Father Abraham
Franklin links avoidable debt with later pressure to make excuses or break promises, presenting financial obligation as a potential test of honesty.
Source note: The Way to Wealth, debt-and-credit section; Project Gutenberg #43855. This is eighteenth-century moral rhetoric and should not be read as a judgment that indebted people are inherently dishonest.
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“A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth.”
Voice: Fictional character · Wise man of the village
Repeated deception damages credibility beyond the original lie: once listeners have learned to expect false alarms, even a later truthful warning can fail to restore belief in time.
Source note: Joseph Jacobs, The Fables of Aesop, “The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf,” Project Gutenberg #28. The wise man of the village gives the moral after the boy’s repeated false cries cause the villagers to ignore his real warning.
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“Thus reliableness becomes a passport to the general esteem and confidence of mankind.”
Smiles connects trust with repeated dependability rather than image: people become credible when others learn that their words, knowledge claims and commitments can be relied on in practice.
Source note: Character, Chapter I, “Influence of Character,” Project Gutenberg #2541. The sentence closes Smiles’s paragraph on truthfulness as veracity, rectitude and practical reliableness, explaining why dependable words and actions earn general confidence.
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“Providing for honest things, not only in the sight of the Lord, but also in the sight of men.”
Integrity includes conduct that can withstand public scrutiny as well as private conviction.
Source note: 2 Corinthians 8:21 in the King James Version.
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“Character is property.”
A good name and dependable conduct are described as forms of value that belong to a person even when material circumstances change.
Source note: Character, Chapter I, “Influence of Character,” Project Gutenberg #2541. The brief statement introduces Smiles’s comparison of character with property: an enduring possession expressed through goodwill, esteem and an honourably earned reputation.
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“Lie not one to another.”
The short instruction makes honesty a basic requirement of life with other people.
Source note: Colossians 3:9 in the King James Version; the opening command is quoted here.