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“Then the soul is more like to the unseen, and the body to the seen?”
Voice: Dialogue speaker · Socrates
Within the dialogue’s metaphysical argument, Socrates associates soul with the unseen and body with the visible; the record preserves that historical philosophical context rather than treating it as established fact.
Source note: Phaedo, Benjamin Jowett translation; Socrates is reasoning with Cebes about visibility, mortality and the proposed nature of soul and body.
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“The world is my idea.”
Schopenhauer opens his system by arguing that the experienced world is always presented in relation to a knowing subject, making perception and consciousness conditions of the world as it is known.
Source note: The World as Will and Idea, Vol. I, First Book, §1, Haldane and Kemp translation, Project Gutenberg #38427. “Idea” translates Vorstellung in this historical philosophical vocabulary and should not be read as the everyday sense of a passing thought.
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“All things, then, seek the good.”
Boethius frames action as movement toward some perceived good, making the nature of genuine goodness central to understanding desire, purpose, and happiness.
Source note: The Consolation of Philosophy, Book III; H. R. James translation, during the argument that beings pursue preservation, unity, happiness, and ultimately the good.
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“What am I? A part of the infinite.”
Tolstoy frames the self as finite yet participating in something larger, shifting the question of meaning away from isolated individual duration toward a relation with the infinite.
Source note: My Confession, Leo Wiener translation; the question appears in Tolstoy’s investigation of how finite human life might be related to an infinite reality.
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“The world is a perpetual caricature of itself.”
Social appearances repeatedly exaggerate or contradict reality, making ordinary life look like an ongoing parody of its own pretensions.
Source note: Soliloquies in England, “Dickens”; Santayana uses caricature to describe the gap between living reality and conventional masks.
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“The heart has its reasons, which reason knows not.”
Human judgment includes forms of intuition, feeling, and commitment that cannot always be reduced to explicit logical argument.
Source note: Pensées; Pascal contrasts forms of knowing associated with the heart and with discursive reason.